Improvement in heating-stoves



UNITED STATES nPATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM FBAZIEB BOSS, OF DAVENPORT, IOWA.

VIMPROVEMENT IN HEATING-STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 119,535, dated October3, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FRAZIER Ross, of Davenport, in the county ofScott and State of Iowa, have invented certain Improvements inHeating-Stoves, of which the i'ollowin g is a speciiication:

The nature and objects of my invention are as follows, vizr First, thecombination of air-passages with a heating-stove in such a manner thatthey may communicate with the open air and the atmosphere of the roomcontaining the stove, so as to let fresh air into the room at or overthe stove, and remove the foul air from the room as may be required forthe ventilation of the room and the combustion in the stove. Second, thecombination of air-passages with a heating-stove in such a manner thatall of the air for the support, of combustion therein may be taken frombeneath the stove into the upper part of the fuelchamber thereof, orinto an air-chamber above the fuel therein, and distributed thence so asto produce counter-currents at the surface of the fire, and at the sametime a constant downward draught through the fuel in the reservoir; theobject being to complete the combustion of the gaseous products of thefire at the surface thereof, and prevent ignition of the fuel in thereservoir above the fire-chamber, having more especial reference to abase-burning stove, and to the burning` of bituminous coal and the smoketherefrom. Third, the arrangement of the air-chambers and air-passagesin the stove in such a manner as to protect the air-supplyT ducts andthe fuel in the reservoir above the fire-chamber from the heat and gasesof the flre; also, so as to hold the fire nearer to the radiatingsurface of the stove; also, so as to not obstruct the radiation of theheat. Fourth, the construction and arrangement of the bottom of thefire-chamber in such a manner that it may be shifted so as to form aclose bottom of one or more grates, with suitable fixed interstices or alarge opening, as desired, the object being to allow, as occasionrequires, that the upward draught through the fire may be shut off whenthe door of the ash-chamber is open, so as to avoid any counteraction ofthe draught down through the reservoir; that the fire-chamber may bemade to hold coal-dust, sawdust, or other ne fuel which would passthrough the interstices of the grates; that the ashes may be siftedthrough the grates, and that clinkers or other remains of combustion toolarge to pass through the interstices of the grates may be removedthrough the large aperture.

Figure l is a view of a stove embodying my invent-ion. Fig. 2 is avertical section of the same. Fig. l is a vertical transverse section ofthe same. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section ofthe same midway between thedoors O and the doors K. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section ofthe samethrough the doors O. Fig. (i is a horizontal section of the sameimmediately above the reservoir or fuel-chamber C. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 areviews of the bottom M of the fire-chamber G. v

A is an air-duct formed by a perpendicular cylinder or pipe through thecenter of the stove, communicating at the bottom with the open air, andat the top with the atmosphere of the room containing the stove, forintroducing a constant supply of fresh air into the room for therespira' tion of the occupants, to ventilate the room, and to supportcombustion in the stove, in combination with the ducts H and B, oreither of them, or with any duct for exhausting air from the bottom ofthe room, driving impurities in the atmosphere of the room down to thebottom and out through one or more of said ducts or exhausters, incombination with the room containing the stove, and duct B or anyaperture in the stove for the admission of airv to supportcombustionadmitting a draught proportionate to the coldness of theweather and the pressure resulting from the difference between thetemperature of the room and the open air-made of sheet-iron or someheat-absorbing material to separate it from duct H contiguous thereto,so that cold air in duct A may cool the air in duct H and thus suppressthe draught in the latter and force more draught through duct B and there thus, when the weather is colder preventing a too rapid changingofthe atmosphere of the room through ducts A and H, and at the same timeaccelerating the combustion in the stove, and so maintaining an eventemperature in the room; com.- municating with the open air at thebottom, so that the warmer air of the room may not escape through thischannel, protected from the iire by the surrounding ducts H, B, andD,fso that the fresh air may not absorb unhealthy gases from the burningfuel through heated iron plates contiguous thereto, or be warmed so asto prevent it from checking the draught in H; introducing the fresh airinto the upper part of the room and above the stove, so that it may bebreathed by the occupants before it comes in contact with impurities inthe lower part of the room, au d so that the fresh air may be warmed bycontact with the ceiling and the warmer air in the upper part of theroom, and by heat radiated from the stove before it reaches the floor,thus avoiding cold currents in the lower part of the room and theraising of dust from the floor in the process of warming the fresh Theair-duct or air-chant ber A may be made of any other suitable materialor in any other suitable form, and may be placed at the side orotherwise than in the eenter ofthe stove, and may be separated from duetH, and unprotected by other air-ducts, so that it shall discharge thefresh air at or over the stove into the room or apartmentwithoutbringing it into conta-ct with the fire or with heated metalcontiguous thereto, or with the atmosphere in the lower part of theroom. H is an annular air-duct, for removing the vitiated air from thelower part of the room and creating a vacuum in the room for theadmission. of fresh air and for protecting the fresh-air duct A from thelire and unhealthy gases resulting from combustion, formed by aperpendicular cylinder or pipe around the pipe forming duct A,communicating at the bottom with the atmosphere in the lower part of theroom and at the top with the smoke-pipe of the stove, and through itwith the open air 5 made of sheet-iron or some heatabsorbing material,and exposed to the heat of the draught from the fire and discharginginto the smoke-pipe, so as to promote the ventilation; operated by theheat and draught in the stove and smoke-pipe, and by the pressure of theatmosphere in the room; governed by the air in the contiguous pipeforming duct A, and regula-ted by the damper 7L with the rod h at thetop. 7L l) is a damper at the bottom for the admission of air from thelower part of the room. The airduct or air-chamber H may be made of anyother suitable material or in any other suitable form, and may be placedoutside of the stove or otherwise therein, or otherwise than aroundair-duct A, and may communicate with the atmosphere of the room eitherthrough or above the iioor, directly or indirectly, and may communicatewith the open air directly, or may discharge into the upper part of thestove, or into any flue or passage communicating directly or indirectlywith the open air, and may be operated by the heat of the stove orsmoke-pipe, or by the draught therein, or by the heat or draught in theilue into which it discharges, or by the pressure of the atmosphere,either or all of them, aud may be regulated or not, or by any othermeans, so that it shall either be placed contiguous to the pipe formingthe fresh-air duct A, be separated from duct A by a material which is anabsorbent of heat, and communicate with the atmosphere of the room andthe open air, substantially as described, or so that it shall be placedbetween the .fresh-air duct A and the iire, or between the fresh-airduct A and the draught from the fire, so as to protect the fresh-airduct A from the iire or the unhealthy gases therefrom. Bis 'an annularairduct formed by a perpendicular cylinder or pipe around the cylinderor pipe forming duct H, from the bottom of the stove to the top of thereser voir C, through which all of the air for combustion inthe stove istaken from beneath the stove and discharged -into the reservoir C overthe fuel, comlnunicating at the bottom with the atmosphere in the lowerpartof the room, so that it may equalize the temperature of the room bytaking the air from the coldest part thereof or with the open air, sothat it may support combustion without changing the atmosphere oftheroom; introducing the air into the reservoir C over the fuel so as toafford a draught of air down through the fuel, to retard combustion inthe reservoir C, and drive the heat and gases of the fire underthebottom of F into the radiating-chamber G. h b is a damper at thebottom for the admission of air from the lower part of the room. b is adamper at the top of B in the reservoir G for regulating the supply ofair, and is reached through the door O. a is a damper for admittingfresh air from out-doors, so as to support combustion without changingthe air of the room. Duet B may be made by partitions in duct H, or inany other suitable form or of any other suitable material, and may beotherwise placed, inside or outside of the stove, so that it shall takethe air from below the fuel or tire and discharge it above the same,substantially as and for the purposes set forth. C is the reservoir orfuel-chamber, into which the fuel is introduced through the doors O ateither front or rear, and into the upper part of which all of the airfor combustion in the stove is received, and from which it isdistributed down through the fuel `and through ducts D and F, so as toproduce counter-currents at the surface of the lire, and complete thecombustion of the and smoke without counteracting the draught downthrough the fuel. The reservoir (3 may be made in any suitable form orof any suitable material, and may be divided into two compartments, theair-chamber above and the fuelchamber below, and communicating with eachother, and the fuel maybe introduced in any other suitable way. l) is anannular air-duct, formed by a perpendicular cylinder or pipe around thecylinder or pipe forming duct B, from the upper part of the reservoir Cto the ash-chamber E, communicating at the top with the upper part ofthe reservoir C and at the bottom with the aslrchamber E, and through itwith the fire-chamber G G at the bottom, thus aordin g an upward draughtthrough the fire from the same source above the fuel as that of thedraught down through the fuel, so that the latter, having the shorterpassage from the upper part of the reservoir C, their common source, tothe radiating chamber G, their common dest-ination, may not becounter-acted by the upward draught, and so that, when fine fuel is usedand air cannot pass down through reservoir C, a draught through the firemay be had from the same source through duct D and the ash'chamber E;placed between ductA and the fire so as to protect the fresh air fromthe iire or the gases therefrom; and placed between duct B and the iireso as to protect the air in duct B from the heat and let it beintroduced cold into the reservoir C to cool the fuel and retardcombustion in the reservoir C above the fire-chamber G G. cl is a damperat the top of D in the reservoir C for regulating the draught throughduct D, and is reached through the door O Duct D may be made in anyother suitable form, and may be placed outside of the stove or,otherwise, in it, or otherwise than between duet A and the re, orotherwise than between duct B and the re, and may communicate with thereservoir C otherwise than at the upper part thereof; or it may beseparated from the reservoir C by a perforated partition or otherwise,in such a manner that the air may pass freely between them from top tobottom, and it may communicate with the firechamber otherwise than atthe bottom, directly or indirectly, so that it shall take air from thereservoir O and discharge it so that it may pass through the re, or sothat it shall ,be placed or arranged between duct A andthe fire, or sothat it shall be placed or arranged between ductB and the fire,substantially as and for the purpose set forth. F is an annular air-ductbetween the reservoir C and the radiating or heating-chamber G, from theupper part of the reservoir, above the fuel, down to the nre-chamber CG, through which air may pass from reservoir O directly down to thesurface of the iire and there meet the chaught from the latter andcomplete the combustion of the gaseous products of the fuel as theyrise; also affording a supply of air from the upper part of thereservoir C to the fire when the passages through the reservoir C andthe bottomM of the fire-chamber C G are obstructed, so as to supportcombustion without counteracting the downward pressure of the air in thereservoir; placed between the reservoir C and the radiating-chamber G soas to protect the fuel in the reservoir C from the heat of theradiating-chamber G and prevent excessive heating of' the bottom of thecylinder or partition forming the reservoir C by spreading thecombustion of the gas and smoke over more surface. f is a damper forregulating' the proportion of' air allowed to pass down through duct F.Air-duct F may be made wider at the bottom or may be made in any othersuitable form and may be placed outside of the stove, or otherwise init, or otherwise than between the reservoir C and the radiating-chamberG, or may be formed by a combination with duct D or with duct D and theashchamber E, taking the air from duct D or ashchamber E and dischargingit at the surface of' the fire, or it may communicate with the reservoirC otherwise than at the upper part thereof, or it may be separated fromthe reservoir G by a perforated partition or otherwise, in such a mannerthat the air may pass freely from one to the other from top to bottom,and it may discharge the air over the sin'face of the fire at any partthereof, so that it shall take the air from the reservoir C anddischarge it over the surface of the re, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth. C G is the fire-chamber, formed bythe union of' thereservoir G and the radiating-chamber G below the duct F.

M is vthe bottom of' the fire-chamber, illustrated by Figs. 7, 8, and 9,and consists of two circular plates, one over the other, each having anopening through the center for the passage of the ducts A, H, B, and D,and so that air may pass down from the upper part of the reservoir G,through duct D, into the ash-chamber E, and each having a grate ofsuitable interstices on one side of the central opening and an apertureof corresponding dimensions with the grate on the opposite side of' thecentral opening, the rims of each being finished alike with diderentkinds or colors of surface to distinguish the location of the grates andthe large apertures, and with holes at suitable intervals, and all soarranged that either or both may be shifted or revolved, as desired, bymeans of the rod m inserted in the holes in the rims through the slot m,so that the grates may be brought on opposite sides of' the center, thegrate of one plate and the corresponding aperture of the other being011e over the other, as shown in Fig. 8, when, by revolving bothtogether, the grates may be brought under all parts ofthe fire and theashes shaken from any part of the firechamber, so that they may beshifted so as to bring the two grates together and the two aperturestogether, one over the other', as shown in Fig. 7 5 when, by revolvingboth together, the large aperture may be brought under all parts of thenre-chamber, and so let clinkers or other solid products of combustiontoo large to pass through the interstices of the grates drop through thelarge opening into the ash-chamber E; also, so that they may be shiftedso as to close all of the openings, as shown in Fig. 9, and thus be madeto hold sawdust, coaldust, or other fine fuel, which would waste throughthe interstices of the grates if they were open, and so that the upwarddraught through the fire may be shut off when. the door of theash-chamber is open, and thus avoid any counteraction of the draughtdown through the reservoir. m is a slot in the side of the stove throughwhich the bottom M of the fire-chamber may be shifted or revolved, asdesired, by means of the rod m', which is provided with a single pointat one end and two at the other, so that either one or both of the partsmay be revolved at once, as desired. The bottom M may be made withoutthe central opening, as when neither of the air-ducts A, H, B, or D passthrough it, or one of the plates may be made stationary, or the numberand size of the grates and large openings may be more or less, and theedges may not be nished so as to distinguish the location of the gratesand openings, or only one of them maybe so nished, or they may beotherwise revolved or shifted, so that the grates have fixed intersticesand so that the two parts or either of them may be shifted so as toclose all of the openings and so as to open the grates, and so as toopen the large apertures as desired, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth 5 or both of the parts may consist of grates withfixed interstices and large apertures, as described, so that the gratesmay not be closed, but so that the grates or large apertures may beformed as desired,substantial ly as described; or it may consist ofseveral parts arranged singly or one over the other, under thefire-chamber, so that they may be shaken or revolved, substantially asset forth, and so that one of the parts may be Withdrawn sufficiently tolet the clinkers or other solid products of combustion drop into theash-chamber E. E is the ash-chamber, into which the ashes are sifted andother re mains of combustion deposited through M, and which receives airfrom the top of the reservoir U, through the duct D, and supplies it tothe iire through M. K and K are close -tting doors to the ash-chamber E,through which the ashes may be removed., O and O are doors to thereservoir C, through which the fuel is introduced and through which thedampers in the reservoir C may be regulated. I is the smoke-pipe. H B isan air-cha1nber formed by the union of ducts H and B under the stove,through which and damper l1 b air is taken from the lower part of theroom into ducts B or H, or through which and damper a air may be takenfrom air-duct A into duct B.

I do not claim an airduct through a stove or stovepipe for warming air.l do not broadly claim air-passages in a stove for discharging air forcombustion at the surface ofthe fire, or both below and above the firefrom a common source, or at the surface of the fire in diiferentdirections. I do not broadly claim the construction of the grate of astove in two parts so as to regulate the supply of air allowed to passthrough it.

I claim as my invention- 1. The fresh-air duct A, in combination withfoul-air duct H and draught-duct B, or either of them, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with airduet H, of the dampers h and 7L b, either orboth of them, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, with air-duct B, of the damper a and air-duct A,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, with fuel-chamber O and draught-chamber b, of theair-ducts D F, either 2r both, substantially as and for the purpose setorth.

5. The combination, with fuel-chamber C, damper b, and duct F, of thedamper f, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The construction andV arrangement of the bottom or grate M of theflre-cha1nber so as to form either one opening or grates, or a closebottom, as set forth.

WM. FBAZIER ROSS.

Witnesses:

ABNER DAvIsoN,

J. J. KINNAMAN. (105)

